Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine
Article Title: Exercise-mobilized lymphocytes enhance antibody-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma through CD16 + NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity
doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07888-7
Figure Lengend Snippet: Exercise-mobilized NK cells display enhanced cytotoxic phenotypes and differential responses to DRd vs MRd. ( A ) Baseline CD38% positive and MFI) and CD47% positive) on NK cells measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected at rest (REST; red) or during acute exercise at 80% VO2max (EX; blue). ( B ) NK-cell frequency (% of CD45+ lymphocytes) after overnight IL-15 culture under control, DRd (daratumumab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), or MRd (magrolimab + lenalidomide + dexamethasone) conditions. Representative CD3 vs. CD56 dot plots are shown on the right for REST and EX across regimens, with the NK-cell gate (CD3−CD56+) indicated. ( C ) Expression of monoclonal-antibody–associated markers after overnight culture: CD38% positive and MFI) under control vs. MRd conditions, and CD47% positive and MFI) under control vs. DRd conditions. ( D ) Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) profiles after overnight culture, showing the expression of CD16 and CD32% positive and MFI). ( E ) Expression of activating and cytotoxic markers after overnight culture: NKG2C, CD57, NKG2D, and DNAM-1% positive and MFI). In all bar graphs, red bars represent REST and blue bars represent EX. Bars show the mean ± SEM with paired donor values overlaid and connected by dotted lines. PBMCs from N = 10 healthy donors were used. Each condition was run in duplicate, and the results were averaged per donor. NK cells were defined as CD3−CD56+ lymphocytes. Statistical tests were two-sided. Panel A: paired t-test (EX vs. REST). Panel B: one-way repeated-measures ANOVA within each exercise state (REST or EX), followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test vs. The control group. Panels C–E: two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with factors for exercise (REST vs. EX) and regimen (e.g., control vs. DRd), followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.Significance is indicated by asterisks or exact p -values where appropriate. Thresholds were set at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. “ns” denotes not significant. Abbreviations: PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; NK, natural killer; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; DRd, daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone; MRd, magrolimab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone
Article Snippet: Cells were then stained for 15–20 min at room temperature with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies: CD8-VioBlue, CD57-VioBlue, CD3-VioGreen, CD47-FITC, NKG2C-FITC, CD4-PE, NKG2D-PE, CD45-PE-Vio615, CD16-PerCP-Vio700, CD32-PE-Vio770, CD38-APC, DNAM-1-APC, and CD56-APC-Vio770 (Miltenyi Biotec, Germany).
Techniques: Control, Expressing, Fluorescence
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